Abstracto
- Plant-based bio-batteries, i.e., plant microbial fuel cells (P-MFCs) are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy by using microbial activity (as catalysts). These sustainable technologies have previously been used in different fields of investigation such as wastewater treatment, bioremediation of pollutants, heavy metals and energy recovery, and low-cost and eco-friendly nutrient recovery. In this study, a P-MFC embedded with Stevia rebaudiana was built with a clay cup for the direct reutilization of nutrients associated with the generation of bioelectricity. The P-MFCs were inoculated with 642.865 mL (≅ 643 mL) of livestock’s urine from three species of domestic animals such as cow, goat, and sheep urine. Higher direct reutilization of NH4+–N (94%), PO43− (98%), and K (33%) was achieved in P-MFC inoculated with cow urine. The maximum power density and maximum current density increased …